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Super-Enhancers in the Control of Cell Identity and Disease
The authors describe the population of transcription factors, cofactors, chromatin regulators, and transcription apparatus occupying super-enhancers in embryonic stem cells and evidence that super-enhancers are highly transcribed. They produced a catalog of super-enhancers in a broad range of human cell types and find that super-enhancers associate with genes that control and define the biology of these cells. [Cell]
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| PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal) |
Asymmetric Inheritance of Centrosome-Associated Primary Cilium Membrane Directs Ciliogenesis after Cell Division
Scientists followed the ciliary membrane in dividing embryonic neocortical stem cells and cultured cells. Ciliary membrane attached to the mother centriole was endocytosed at mitosis onset, persisted through mitosis at one spindle pole, and was asymmetrically inherited by one daughter cell, which retained stem cell character.
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Context-Dependent Wiring of Sox2 Regulatory Networks for Self-Renewal of Embryonic and Trophoblast Stem Cells
By comparing genome-wide binding sites of Sox2 in embryonic stem cells and trophoblast stem cells combined with inducible knockout systems, researchers found that, despite the common role in safeguarding the stem cell state, Sox2 regulates distinct sets of genes with unique functions in these two different yet developmentally related types of stem cells. [Mol Cell]
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DNA Methyltransferase-3-Dependent Nonrandom Template Segregation in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
The authors’ results unambiguously demonstrate nonrandom template segregation (NRTS) in asymmetrically dividing, differentiating human and mouse embryonic stem cells. Moreover, they showed that NRTS is dependent on DNA methylation and on DNA methyltransferase-3, indicating a molecular mechanism that regulates this phenomenon. [J Cell Biol]
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CTCF Binding Site Sequence Differences Are Associated with Unique Regulatory and Functional Trends during Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
The authors’ previous work suggested that differences in CCCTC-binding factor’s (CTCF’s) binding site sequence may affect the regulation of CTCF recruitment and its function. To investigate this possibility, they characterized changes in genome-wide CTCF binding and gene expression during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. [Nucleic Acid Res]
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells in Humanized Mouse Models Harboring a Human Immune System
The generation of humanized mice harboring a human immune system has provided a tool to perform in vivo immunologic studies of human cells and tissues. Using this model, scientists examined the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells, human embryonic fibroblasts, and cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells in a human immune system environment. [Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol]
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Small Diameter Vascular Graft Engineered Using Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Cells
The feasibility of creating small diameter vascular constructs using smooth muscle cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells was evaluated. [Tissue Eng Part A]
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Electrical Stimulation Promotes Maturation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Scientists sought to determine whether electrical stimulation could enhance the differentiation and maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. [J Cardiovasc Transl Res]
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Gene Expression Profiling Reveals the Heterogeneous Transcriptional Activity of Oct3/4 and Its Possible Interaction with Gli2 in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Investigators examined the transcriptional activity of Oct3/4 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) maintained under standard culture conditions to gain a better understanding of self-renewal in mESCs. [Genomics]
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Generation of Multipotent Foregut Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines vary in their capacity to generate specialized cells, and the development of universal protocols for the production of tissue-specific cells remains a major challenge. Investigators addressed this limitation for the endodermal lineage by developing a defined culture system to expand and differentiate human foregut stem cells derived from hPSCs. [Stem Cell Rep]
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Maintenance of Pluripotency in Mouse ES Cells without Trp53
Investigators established a new line of Trp53-null embryonic stem (ES) cells by sequential gene targeting and evaluated their ability to differentiate in vitro and in vivo. [Sci Rep]
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| REVIEWS |
The Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration: Current Progress and Prospects
Scientists summarize the primary technologies for generating induced pluripotent stem cells and the biological properties of these cells, review the current advances in induced pluripotent stem cell-based bone regeneration and, finally, discuss the remaining challenges associated with these cells, particularly safety issues and their potential application for osteoregenerative medicine. [Tissue Eng Part B]
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Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the ESC & iPSC research field.
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| POLICY NEWS |
Minister Halts Italian Stem-Cell Therapy Trial
The clinical trial of a controversial stem-cell therapy supported by the Italian government has been stopped before recruiting any patients – to the relief of scientists who have been fighting the trial for months. On 10 October, health minister Beatrice Lorenzin announced that she would follow the advice of a special panel of scientific advisors and disallow the trial. [Nature News]
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New Relief for Regenerative Medicine Accidents
The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry will introduce a new system of relief for people who suffer unpredictable side effects or infection following treatment with regenerative medicine technology, such as cell sheets. [The Japan News]
Editorial
Stem Cell Rules Clear, Adequate, Says Philippines FDA
The Philippines Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said its guidelines governing stem cell therapy in the country are adequate and clear, including the registration of products, health facilities and ethics review. [Manila Bulletin]
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